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Edmund Ruffin Plantation
The Edmund Ruffin Plantation, also known as Marlbourne, was built in 1823 near Richmond, Virginia; it was not purchased by Edmund Ruffin until 1843. He was a planter and a pioneer in agricultural improvements; he also published an agricultural journal in the 1840s named the ''Farmer's Register.'' One of a group of intellectuals they called "the sacred circle",〔(Charles B. Dew, "Review: 'A Sacred Circle: The Dilemma of the Intellectual in the Old South, 1840-1860' by Drew Gilpin Faust" ), ''The Florida Historical Quarterly,'' Vol. 58, No. 4 (April 1980), pp. 445-447〕 he worked to reform agriculture in the South, promoting crop rotation and soil conservation; he is considered to have been "the father of soil science" in the United States.〔(Ruffin, Edmund. ''Nature's Management: Writings on Landscape and Reform, 1822-1859'' ), edited by Jack Temple Kirby, University of Georgia Press, 2006〕 Ruffin experimented with agricultural methods and mixed marl, defined as "a friable earthy deposit consisting of clay and calcium carbonate, used esp. as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime" to add to soils.
He and his friends: James Henry Hammond, Nathaniel Beverly Tucker, George Frederick Holmes, and William Gilmore Simms, were pro-slavery and promoted a moral reform of the South. They published numerous articles in literary and short-lived magazines, promoting a stewardship role for masters to improve conditions under slavery.〔Drew Gilpin Faust, ''A Sacred Circle: The Dilemma of the Intellectual in the Old South, 1840-1860'', University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977〕〔(Drew Gilpin Faust, ''The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830--1860'' ) (Google Ebook), LSU Press, 1981〕
Later Ruffin gained more attention as one of a number of secessionist fire-eaters; he traveled to South Carolina and is credited with firing one of the first shots at Fort Sumter in 1861. Despondent after General Lee's surrender in 1865, he left a note proclaiming his "unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule—to all political, social and business connections with Yankees, & to the perfidious, malignant, & vile Yankee race" and committed suicide at Redmoor in Amelia County.
His Marlbourne plantation was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.〔〔 and 〕
==References==
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